VERBS AS COMPLEMENTS

Verb tidak hanya diikuti oleh noun, tetapi bisa juga diikuti oleh verb lainnya dan diubah sebagai suatu complement

VERBS + INFINITIVE
Berikut kata-kata kerja yang harus diikuti oleh infinitive ( + to V)
(harus dihafalkan agar tidak terjadi kekeliruan)
- agree
- desire
- decide
- hope
- strive
- prepare
- refuse
- hesitate

- attempt
- expect
- want
- forget

- tend
- demand
- intend
- need
- pretend

- fail
- offer
- wish
- claim
- learn
- plan
- seen

Example

• Rizal expects to begin studying law
• Risma learned to swim when she was five
• The president will attempt to reduce inflation in the next four years
• The soldiers are preparing to attack the village

VERBS + GERUND
Berikut kata-kata kerja yang harus diikuti oleh gerund
(harus dihafalkan agar tidak terjadi kekeliruan)
- admit
- delay
- miss
- report
- suggest
- appreciate
- deny
- postpone
- resent
- avoid
- enjoy
- practice
- resist
- can't help
- finish
- quit
- resume
- consider
- mind
- recall
- risk

Example;

• Roy admitted stealing the ring
• We enjoyed seeing them again after so many years
• You shouldn't risk entering that forbidden building
• Nada was considering buying a new car until the prices went up
• The coast guard has reported seeing another ship in the Florida street
• Would you mind not smoking in this office?

VERBS + PREPOSITION + GERUND
Berikut verb + preposition yang harus diikuti oleh gerund
- approve of
- give uo
- rely on
- worry about
- be better of
- insist on 
- succeed in
- count on
- keep on
- think about
- think of
- depend on
- put off

Example

• Depi gave up smoking
• Dera insisted on taking the bus
• Harry is thinking of going to Buol next holiday

VERBS + TO + GERUND
"To" disini bukan sebagai pembentuk infinitif tetapi merupakan preposition dari verb nya. Berikut verbnya
- object to
- look forward to
- confess of

Example

• I look forward to hearing good news from you
• Risti confess to stealing the ring

There are, There is

(There is/There was/There has been) + singular subject/non-count noun

(There are/There were/There have been) + plural subject

example;

• There is storm approaching
• There was an accident last night
• There have been a number of calls for you today

A NUMBER OF / THE NUMBER OF = MANY

a number of + plural noun + plural verb

the number of + plural noun + singular verb

example

• A number of applicants have already been interviewed
• The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite big
                                                             clausa
• A number of students are visiting the museums
• The number of days in a week is seven

Collective Nouns

yaitu noun yang mengekspresikan kumpulan orang atau binatang
biasanya bentuk dari singular (ex; congress, organization, goverment, family, team, group, army, majority, minority, commitee, club, class, public) sehingga verb yang mengikuti dalam bentuk singular

• The majority believes that we are in danger 
• The committee is having a meeting now
• The crowd was wild with excitement
• Congress has initiated a new plan
• The organization has lost many members this year
• Our team is going to win

tapi jika noun diikuti oleh plural noun maka verb yang mengikutinya harus dalam bentuk plural

• The majority of the students have not submitted their paper

Berikut beberapa collective nouns yang biasa mengekspresikan sekelompok hewan dan verb yang digunakan juga harus dalam bentuk singular verb, antara lain
- flock of birds, sheep
- herd of cattle
- pack of dogs
- school of fish
- pride of lions

example;

• The flock of birds is circling overhead 
• The heard of cattle is breaking away
• A school of fish is being attacked by a shark

Berikut beberapa collective noun yang mengindikasikan waktu, uang, dan pengukuran seluruhnya selalu dalam bentuk singular misalnya

• Twenty dollars is too much for a shirt like that
• Fifteen minutes is not enough
• Two kilometers is too far for him

Gerund as Subject

Gerund adalah verb yang mendapat tambahan -ing.
V-ing biasanya digunakan dalam continuous tense.

Jika gerund berfungsi sebagai subject dalam sebuah kalimat dalam tenses apapun itu, maka gerund tersebut sebagai singular subject sehingga verb yang mengikutinya harus dalam bentuk singular verb

Example;

• Dieting is very popular today
• Writing many letters makes her happy
• Not studying has caused him problems

Either or Neither

Either and Neither
bisa berdiri sendiri sebagai sebuah penghubung

neither + noun + nor + noun (singular/plural) + V (singular/plural verb)
either + noun + or + noun (singular/plural) + V (singular/plural verb)

Catatan :
verb tergantung noun yang diikuti verb tersebut
neither actually means not either

example;

• Neither Imam nor his friends are going to the beach today
• Either Imam or his friend is going to the beach today
• Neither Jay nor Wahid is going to class today
• Neither Widya nor her friends are going to class today
• Either Ben or Ray is bringing the car
• Either Sarah or the boys have seen the movie

Penggunaan Any, No, Some

any-, no-, dan some- 
ketiga kata di atas HARUS /SELALU diikuti oleh singular noun atau pronoun

(any/no/some) + singular noun/pronoun
          |     |
          |     |
anybody, anyone, anything
nobody, none, nothing
somebody, someone, something
everybody, everyone, everything
each

example;

• Everybody needs to drink water 2 liters per day
• Somethig was/were  under the bed
• Anybody who has lost their passport must report to the embassy
• No problem is harder to solve than this one
• Nobody works harder than Maya does

None/No

none + of the + non-count noun + singular verb
example

• None of the counterfelt money has been found

none + of the + plural count noun + plural verb
example

• None of the students have finished the exam

no + (singular noun/non-count noun) + singular verb
example

• No example is relevant to this case

no + (plural noun) + plural verb
example

• No examples are relevant to this case

SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

Subject Verb Agreement

S +  V + O

example;

• The elevator works well
• The elevators work well
• The boys in the room are noisy

S + prepositional phrase + aux verb

example;

• The study of languages is very interesting
• The effects of drugs are dangerous
• The fear of rape and robbery has caused many people to flee the city

Ada 4 expressions yang tidak mempengaruhi verb-nya, yaitu

1. together with
2. along with
3. accompanied by
4. as well as

catatan : perhatikan subject "sebelum" ke 4 expression di atas
example;

• The actress, along with the director and crews is going to the party
  jika tanpa "along with"
  The actress, the director and crews are going to the party
• Mr and Mrs Ibrahim accompanied by their son are having dinner to celebrate  their anniversary
• The teacher as well as the students is in the hall
• The president together with the ministers is welcoming the members of scout-boys

Exercise

1. Sinta, along with her friends (is/are) planning a surprise party
2. The picture of the soldiers (bring/brings) back many memories
3. Mr. Rajiman, accompanied by several members of the congress (have/has) proposed some changes
4. The level of intexication (is/are) increasing
5. If the duties of these officers (isn't/aren't) reduced, there won't be enough time to finish everything

Answer ; 1) is   2) bring   3) has    4) is    5) aren't

TENSES

Tense adalah susunan kata yang membentuk kalimat sesuai dengan aggrementnya. 
Ada 8 "tenses" utama yang akan dijelaskan, yaitu;
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Present Continuous
3. Simple Past Tense
4. Simple Past Continuous
5. Present Perfect Tense
6. Present Perfect Continuous
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous

1. Simple Present Tense
   digunakan ketika ingin mengekspresikan suatu habbitual (kebiasaan), general issues (kebenaran umum) dan kegiatan sehari-hari
   
   S + V (s/es) + O
   
   Contoh untuk "kegiatan sehari-hari"
   - I go to school
   - He goes to school
   - You cook fried chicken
   - She cooks fried chicken
   - Something smells very good
   
   Contoh untuk "kebenaran umum"
   - The sun rises in the morning
   
   Contoh untuk "kebiasaan"
   - He practices piano everyday
   - Jill always gets up at 5 in the morning
   
2. Simple Present Continuous
   digunakan ketika ingin mengeksperikan "action" yang sedang dilakukan saat ini
   juga bisa digunakan untuk menerangkan kejadian akan datang tetapi pasti akan terjadi
   biasanya mengenakan kata keterangan (adverb) : now
   
   S + aux verb (am/is/are) + V (-ing) + O
   
   I                     ----> am
   She/He/It        ----> is
   You/We/They ----> are
   
   example ;
   - He is going to school
   - I am learning how to bake now
   - You are watching TV right now
   - We are visiting dinner at 7 o'clock tonight
   
3. Simple Past Tense
   "Past" artinya masa lampau digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian yang telah lewat dimasa lampau
   selalu disertai adverb waktu di masa lampau ex; yesterday, 2 days ago, last month
   
   S + V2 (in past form) + O
   
   example:
   - Phul went to Spain yesterday
   - Bob bought a new bike yesterday
   - Maya did her homework last night
   
   Question word + did + S + V1 + O + ?
   
   example:
   - What did Bob buy yesterday?
     Bob bought a new bike yesterday
   - Where did she go?
     She went to mall last night
   
   S + did + not + V1 + O
   
   - Bro didn't go to Spain
   - Marla didn't do her homework last night
   
4. Simple Past Continuous Tense
   biasanya digunakan untuk mengindikasikan dua kejadian yang terjadi bersamaan (there are tow action) sehingga ada kata pengubung "when" dan diikuti dengan kalimat simple past tense
   
   S + aux verb (was/were) + V1 (-ing) + O          + when + S + V2 + O(biasa juga sebaliknya, read the example)
   
   I/She/He/It     ----> was
   You/We/They ----> were
   
   example:
   - I was doing my homework
   - We were cooking fried rice
   - She was sleeping
   - We were sleeping when she came
   - Mark came home when they were watching movie
   - Steve was eating dinner when his family came to visit him
   - When the teacher entered the room, the students were talking
   
5. Present Perfect Tense 
   
   S + aux verb (has/have) + V3 (past participle)
   
   She/He/It          ----> has
   I/You/We/They ----> have
   
   biasanya untuk mengindikasikan kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampu dengan waktu yang tidak tentu. ex;
   - Troll has traveled the world
   
   bisa digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian/kegiatan yang telah terjadi berkali-kali di masa lampau. ex;
   - George has seen this movie three times
   - John has lived in this house for 20 years
   - Rey has lived here since 1995
   
   Perbedaan penggunaan "since" dan "for"
   
   for + duration of time
   since + beginning time (tahun/tanggal/bulan)
   Perbedaan penggunaan adverb "yet" dan "already"
   dua adverb ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kegiatan yang telah atau belum terjadi di waktu yang tidak tentu tetapi belum/tidak terjadi di masa lampau
   
   yet
   digunakan untuk kalimat negative & question                     
   selalu muncul at the end of sentence
   S + aux verb (has/have) + not + V3 + yet
   
   already 
   digunakan untuk kalimat affirmative (positif)                     
   biasanya muncul di antara
   
   S + aux verb (has/have) + already + V3
   
   example;
   - We have already written our paper
   - We haven't written our paper yet
   - Gat has already read the entire book
   - The President hasn't decided what to do yet
   
   JANGAN SAMPAI TERTUKAR. selain sebagai adverb, yet juga dapat berfungsi sebagai coordinating conjuntion sama dengan but
   
   example;- I don't have the money yet I really need the computer
   - My neighbours never have the time yet they always want to do something on saturday night
   
6. Present Perfect Continuous
   gabungan dari simple perfect tense and simple continuous tense
   digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau tetapi masih berlanjut sampai sekarang (sedang dan telah)
   
   S + aux verb (has/have) + been + V (-ing) + O
   
   example:
   - John has been living here for 20 years
   - They have been working in this company since 2012
   
7. Past Perfect Tense
   gabungan dari past tense dan perfect tense
   digunakan untuk mengekspresikan dua kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan diikuti dengan kegiatan sesudahnya, but still dua kejadian di masa lampau
   
   S + aux verb (had) + V3 (past participle)
   
   example:
   - He told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1970
   - Paul had lived in Jakarta for ten years
   
   Past perfect biasanya menggunakan kata penghubung before, after, dan when
   S + past perfect +             before/after + simple past
   (biasa juga sebaliknya, read the example)
   
   example;
   - Phil had gone to the store before he went home
   - Before Phil went home, he had gone to the store
   
8. Past Perfect Continuous
   hampir sama dengan pas perfect tense,
   
   S + had + been + V (-ing)
   
   example:
   - Paula had been living in Jakarta fo ten years
   - Baim has been working in Jakarta for five month

sekian dulu penjelasannya :-)

Unlocking the Secrets of the Atom

The time to study English

Unlocking the Secrets of the Atom

People have always been curious about the nature of things. For thousand of years, people have wondered whether everything of Earth have similar structure that was invisible to the naked eye. Early Greeks believed that matter could be broken into small pieces atoms, which means something that " cannot be divided".

Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences
    used to express that the action in the man clause (without if) can only take place if a
    certain condition (with if) is fulfilled

Type I
     it is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
     form : If + simple present , will - future

example;
1. If I study hard, I will past the final exam
2. If I win the math competition, they will gave me the trophy
3. I will not go to Taipa, if it rains
4. If I have much money, I will give it to my parents
5. If I come late, I will get punishment from the teacher

Gramatical Terms

1. Phrase ; two or more words that don't containe a subject and verbs. e.g : an interesting class
2. Clause ; containe a subject and verb. e.g : this is an interesting class
3. Subject ; the topic of the sentences it usually precedes the verb. e.g : Aeroics has became very popular
4. Transitive verb ; a verb that takes a direct object. e.g : I like rambutan
5. Intransitive verb ; a verb that can't take a direct object. e.g : I go to school on foot
6. Linking verb ; connects the subject and its complement. e.g : The student seems prepared
7. Direct object ; receives the actions of the verb. e.g : I like science fiction novel
8. Indirect object ; the receiver of the direct object. e.g : Sukma teaches me aerobics
9. Subject complement ; describe the suject. e.g : Mr. Duno is a social subject teacher
10. Object complement ; describe the object. e.g : I find yoga relaxing
11. Coordinating conjunction ; connects two independent clauses. e.g : Wiwid loves ciwi and sukinem
12. Subordinating conjunction ; connects a depenent clause to an independent clause. e.g : I was teaching when the workers lifted the logs

Part of Speech

naaah, berikut ini adalah pelajaran kelas X loooh. cekcekcek . . . di ambil dari buku catatan saya yang apa adanya daripada bukunya nanti hilang toh. hehhee :D


1. Noun (Kata benda)
Noun is the word used to give the name of an object, person, place, or an abstract quality. Five kinds of noun;
a. Common noun are the of common objects (not particular)
b. Proper noun are the names of particular person, place, etc
c. Material noun are the names of matter or substance of which things are made
d. Collective noun are the names of a collection of  similar individuals, thought as one complete whole
e. Abstract noun are the names of qualities, states, or action

Cross Cultural Understanding From Group Pajokka Tuttu

Apa kabar? Kami dari kelompok “Pajokka Tuttu” akan mempresentasikan tentang daerah kami yaitu daerah BUGIS

How are you? We are from group “Pajokka Tuttu” will presentation about bugis’s district

Aga kareba? Pada idi maneng pole kelompok “pajokka tutu” melo mapralebbangengi ade’na kampongku pole ri tana ogi.

Drama Princess in The Prison

Characters :

Gies as King                     
Asrini as Queen             
Luvi as Princess              
Fitri as Sergeant             
Pipit as Wicked woman
Tantra and Fira as Knight