TENSES

Tense adalah susunan kata yang membentuk kalimat sesuai dengan aggrementnya. 
Ada 8 "tenses" utama yang akan dijelaskan, yaitu;
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Present Continuous
3. Simple Past Tense
4. Simple Past Continuous
5. Present Perfect Tense
6. Present Perfect Continuous
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous

1. Simple Present Tense
   digunakan ketika ingin mengekspresikan suatu habbitual (kebiasaan), general issues (kebenaran umum) dan kegiatan sehari-hari
   
   S + V (s/es) + O
   
   Contoh untuk "kegiatan sehari-hari"
   - I go to school
   - He goes to school
   - You cook fried chicken
   - She cooks fried chicken
   - Something smells very good
   
   Contoh untuk "kebenaran umum"
   - The sun rises in the morning
   
   Contoh untuk "kebiasaan"
   - He practices piano everyday
   - Jill always gets up at 5 in the morning
   
2. Simple Present Continuous
   digunakan ketika ingin mengeksperikan "action" yang sedang dilakukan saat ini
   juga bisa digunakan untuk menerangkan kejadian akan datang tetapi pasti akan terjadi
   biasanya mengenakan kata keterangan (adverb) : now
   
   S + aux verb (am/is/are) + V (-ing) + O
   
   I                     ----> am
   She/He/It        ----> is
   You/We/They ----> are
   
   example ;
   - He is going to school
   - I am learning how to bake now
   - You are watching TV right now
   - We are visiting dinner at 7 o'clock tonight
   
3. Simple Past Tense
   "Past" artinya masa lampau digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian yang telah lewat dimasa lampau
   selalu disertai adverb waktu di masa lampau ex; yesterday, 2 days ago, last month
   
   S + V2 (in past form) + O
   
   example:
   - Phul went to Spain yesterday
   - Bob bought a new bike yesterday
   - Maya did her homework last night
   
   Question word + did + S + V1 + O + ?
   
   example:
   - What did Bob buy yesterday?
     Bob bought a new bike yesterday
   - Where did she go?
     She went to mall last night
   
   S + did + not + V1 + O
   
   - Bro didn't go to Spain
   - Marla didn't do her homework last night
   
4. Simple Past Continuous Tense
   biasanya digunakan untuk mengindikasikan dua kejadian yang terjadi bersamaan (there are tow action) sehingga ada kata pengubung "when" dan diikuti dengan kalimat simple past tense
   
   S + aux verb (was/were) + V1 (-ing) + O          + when + S + V2 + O(biasa juga sebaliknya, read the example)
   
   I/She/He/It     ----> was
   You/We/They ----> were
   
   example:
   - I was doing my homework
   - We were cooking fried rice
   - She was sleeping
   - We were sleeping when she came
   - Mark came home when they were watching movie
   - Steve was eating dinner when his family came to visit him
   - When the teacher entered the room, the students were talking
   
5. Present Perfect Tense 
   
   S + aux verb (has/have) + V3 (past participle)
   
   She/He/It          ----> has
   I/You/We/They ----> have
   
   biasanya untuk mengindikasikan kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampu dengan waktu yang tidak tentu. ex;
   - Troll has traveled the world
   
   bisa digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian/kegiatan yang telah terjadi berkali-kali di masa lampau. ex;
   - George has seen this movie three times
   - John has lived in this house for 20 years
   - Rey has lived here since 1995
   
   Perbedaan penggunaan "since" dan "for"
   
   for + duration of time
   since + beginning time (tahun/tanggal/bulan)
   Perbedaan penggunaan adverb "yet" dan "already"
   dua adverb ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kegiatan yang telah atau belum terjadi di waktu yang tidak tentu tetapi belum/tidak terjadi di masa lampau
   
   yet
   digunakan untuk kalimat negative & question                     
   selalu muncul at the end of sentence
   S + aux verb (has/have) + not + V3 + yet
   
   already 
   digunakan untuk kalimat affirmative (positif)                     
   biasanya muncul di antara
   
   S + aux verb (has/have) + already + V3
   
   example;
   - We have already written our paper
   - We haven't written our paper yet
   - Gat has already read the entire book
   - The President hasn't decided what to do yet
   
   JANGAN SAMPAI TERTUKAR. selain sebagai adverb, yet juga dapat berfungsi sebagai coordinating conjuntion sama dengan but
   
   example;- I don't have the money yet I really need the computer
   - My neighbours never have the time yet they always want to do something on saturday night
   
6. Present Perfect Continuous
   gabungan dari simple perfect tense and simple continuous tense
   digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau tetapi masih berlanjut sampai sekarang (sedang dan telah)
   
   S + aux verb (has/have) + been + V (-ing) + O
   
   example:
   - John has been living here for 20 years
   - They have been working in this company since 2012
   
7. Past Perfect Tense
   gabungan dari past tense dan perfect tense
   digunakan untuk mengekspresikan dua kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan diikuti dengan kegiatan sesudahnya, but still dua kejadian di masa lampau
   
   S + aux verb (had) + V3 (past participle)
   
   example:
   - He told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1970
   - Paul had lived in Jakarta for ten years
   
   Past perfect biasanya menggunakan kata penghubung before, after, dan when
   S + past perfect +             before/after + simple past
   (biasa juga sebaliknya, read the example)
   
   example;
   - Phil had gone to the store before he went home
   - Before Phil went home, he had gone to the store
   
8. Past Perfect Continuous
   hampir sama dengan pas perfect tense,
   
   S + had + been + V (-ing)
   
   example:
   - Paula had been living in Jakarta fo ten years
   - Baim has been working in Jakarta for five month

sekian dulu penjelasannya :-)