Ada 8 "tenses" utama yang akan dijelaskan, yaitu;
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Simple Present Continuous
3. Simple Past Tense
4. Simple Past Continuous
5. Present Perfect Tense
6. Present Perfect Continuous
7. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Continuous
- Simple Present Tense
digunakan ketika ingin mengekspresikan suatu habbitual (kebiasaan), general issues (kebenaran umum) dan kegiatan sehari-hari
S + V (s/es) + O
Contoh untuk "kegiatan sehari-hari"
- I go to school
- He goes to school
- You cook fried chicken
- She cooks fried chicken
- Something smells very good
Contoh untuk "kebenaran umum"
- The sun rises in the morning
Contoh untuk "kebiasaan"
- He practices piano everyday
- Jill always gets up at 5 in the morning - Simple Present Continuous
digunakan ketika ingin mengeksperikan "action" yang sedang dilakukan saat ini
juga bisa digunakan untuk menerangkan kejadian akan datang tetapi pasti akan terjadi
biasanya mengenakan kata keterangan (adverb) : now
S + aux verb (am/is/are) + V (-ing) + O
I ----> am
She/He/It ----> is
You/We/They ----> are
example ;
- He is going to school
- I am learning how to bake now
- You are watching TV right now
- We are visiting dinner at 7 o'clock tonight - Simple Past Tense
"Past" artinya masa lampau digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian yang telah lewat dimasa lampau
selalu disertai adverb waktu di masa lampau ex; yesterday, 2 days ago, last month
S + V2 (in past form) + O
example:
- Phul went to Spain yesterday
- Bob bought a new bike yesterday
- Maya did her homework last night
Question word + did + S + V1 + O + ?
example:
- What did Bob buy yesterday?
Bob bought a new bike yesterday
- Where did she go?
She went to mall last night
S + did + not + V1 + O
- Bro didn't go to Spain
- Marla didn't do her homework last night - Simple Past Continuous Tense
biasanya digunakan untuk mengindikasikan dua kejadian yang terjadi bersamaan (there are tow action) sehingga ada kata pengubung "when" dan diikuti dengan kalimat simple past tense
S + aux verb (was/were) + V1 (-ing) + O + when + S + V2 + O(biasa juga sebaliknya, read the example)
I/She/He/It ----> was
You/We/They ----> were
example:
- I was doing my homework
- We were cooking fried rice
- She was sleeping
- We were sleeping when she came
- Mark came home when they were watching movie
- Steve was eating dinner when his family came to visit him
- When the teacher entered the room, the students were talking - Present Perfect Tense
S + aux verb (has/have) + V3 (past participle)
She/He/It ----> has
I/You/We/They ----> have
biasanya untuk mengindikasikan kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampu dengan waktu yang tidak tentu. ex;
- Troll has traveled the world
bisa digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian/kegiatan yang telah terjadi berkali-kali di masa lampau. ex;
- George has seen this movie three times
- John has lived in this house for 20 years
- Rey has lived here since 1995
Perbedaan penggunaan "since" dan "for"
for + duration of time
since + beginning time (tahun/tanggal/bulan)
Perbedaan penggunaan adverb "yet" dan "already"
dua adverb ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kegiatan yang telah atau belum terjadi di waktu yang tidak tentu tetapi belum/tidak terjadi di masa lampau
yet
digunakan untuk kalimat negative & question
selalu muncul at the end of sentence
S + aux verb (has/have) + not + V3 + yet
already
digunakan untuk kalimat affirmative (positif)
biasanya muncul di antara
S + aux verb (has/have) + already + V3
example;
- We have already written our paper
- We haven't written our paper yet
- Gat has already read the entire book
- The President hasn't decided what to do yet
JANGAN SAMPAI TERTUKAR. selain sebagai adverb, yet juga dapat berfungsi sebagai coordinating conjuntion sama dengan but
example;- I don't have the money yet I really need the computer
- My neighbours never have the time yet they always want to do something on saturday night - Present Perfect Continuous
gabungan dari simple perfect tense and simple continuous tense
digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau tetapi masih berlanjut sampai sekarang (sedang dan telah)
S + aux verb (has/have) + been + V (-ing) + O
example:
- John has been living here for 20 years
- They have been working in this company since 2012 - Past Perfect Tense
gabungan dari past tense dan perfect tense
digunakan untuk mengekspresikan dua kegiatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan diikuti dengan kegiatan sesudahnya, but still dua kejadian di masa lampau
S + aux verb (had) + V3 (past participle)
example:
- He told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1970
- Paul had lived in Jakarta for ten years
Past perfect biasanya menggunakan kata penghubung before, after, dan when
S + past perfect + before/after + simple past
(biasa juga sebaliknya, read the example)
example;
- Phil had gone to the store before he went home
- Before Phil went home, he had gone to the store - Past Perfect Continuous
hampir sama dengan pas perfect tense,
S + had + been + V (-ing)
example:
- Paula had been living in Jakarta fo ten years
- Baim has been working in Jakarta for five month
sekian dulu penjelasannya :-)
